Device for increased ultraviolet exposure of fluids

ABSTRACT

A device for increased ultraviolet exposure of fluids. The device includes at least one photonic source for generating and emitting photonic energy in a wavelength or in a range of wavelengths of visible light. The device also includes a lens formed of a fluoropolymer material wherein the at least one photonic source is sealed within an interior and underneath an outer surface of the fluoropolymer material so as to be surrounded by the fluoropolymer material. The at least one photonic source is coupled with the lens such that the photonic energy emitting from the at least one photonic source transmits through and projects beyond the fluoropolymer material. The lens propagates photons in an omnidirectional pattern simultaneously throughout the entirety of the lens. The joining of the at least one photonic source and the fluoropolymer material comprises all components for generating and emitting photonic energy when the photonic source is activated, such that it is an operable source. The operable source is submerged within a containment vessel which holds the fluids to be sanitized by the operable source. The fluid within the system are exposed to the photonic energy within the device for an extended period of time to effectively destroy pathogens and sanitize the target fluids.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority to andthe benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/437,199 filed on Feb.20, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/627,892 filed on Feb. 20, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,572,902, which isa continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/078,288, filed onNov. 12, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,993,988, which claims priority toU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/796,521, filed on Nov. 13,2012, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The application relates to a device and method for emitting ultraviolet(UV) light or radiation, and more particularly, to a device and methodfor emitting UV light or radiation over a broadcast area to sterilizeand sanitize surfaces and surrounding areas and fluids.

BACKGROUND

With an ongoing need for the sanitation and disinfection of surfaces,including, but not limited to, exterior and interior surfaces insidecontainment vessels or other enclosed areas and/or certain fluids, UVlight has been found to be an effective alternative to chemicals andgermicides. Unlike many chemicals or germicides, which have been foundto lose their efficacy ultimately leading to “superbugs” that are nolonger responsive to said chemicals or germicides, UV light is highlyeffective at killing microbes, destroying their ability to reproduce,and thereby sanitizing against microbial as well as non-microbialsources (e.g., eggs, chemicals). Unfortunately, current UV devices arelimited in either their efficacy, length of transmission, and/oremission spectrum. Current devices have a limited length of transmissionand further require, in operation, frequent re-location as well as oneor more optical filters, protective casings and/or guides for focusingand transporting the UV energy. Such devices, but dependent of low flowrates and/or requiring extended exposure times, may be acceptable forshort distance transmission, such as a few millimeters, several inchesor even a few feet, but cannot broadcast the full UV wavelength spectrumover a large distance with little or no gaps in exposure, especially fordistances that exceeds a few feet.

There remains a need for effective sanitation and disinfection over alarge area, and within liquids and/or fluids, that provides broadspectrum protection against both microbial and non-microbial sources.

SUMMARY

Embodiments disclosed herein provide functional or ornamental devicestransmit UV light over a broad area and for a long distance, andextended residency times and capable of high flow rates to inactivatemicrobes and other pathogens as well as non-microbial sources, therebydisinfecting and sanitizing the area surrounding said devices andfurther minimize fouling and/or blocking of the output from thedisinfecting light source. Each device may be activated by a variable ordynamic logic process that controls activation of the device, such thatactivation is automatic and only in the absence of one or more objectsdetectable by the device or alternately when a targeted object ispresent.

In one or more embodiments is disclosed a device for projectingultraviolet radiation. The device includes at least one ultravioletlight emitting source emitting ultraviolet light in a wavelength rangefrom about 10 to 400 nanometers; and a lens formed of an ultravioletlight transmissive material, wherein the at least one ultraviolet lightemitting source is embedded within the lens, and wherein the lens isformed into a functional shape and does not filter the ultraviolet lightemitted from the at least one ultraviolet light emitting source. Theultraviolet light transmissive material permanently embeds the at leastone ultraviolet light emitting source. The ultraviolet lighttransmissive material may have an ornamental shape. The ultravioletlight transmissive material does not filter or refract significantly theultraviolet light emitted from the at least one ultraviolet lightemitting source. The ultraviolet light transmissive material maytransmit ultraviolet light over a distance of up to 18 feet. The lens isformed in the shape of a functional element, including but not limitedto a toilet seat, door hardware, handle, floor molding, and crownmolding. The device may further comprise a shield. The device mayfurther comprise or associate with a heat exchanger to dissipate heat.The device may be controlled by a variable logic process. The device maybe further configured comprising a sensor to detect the presence of anobject and a controller to deactivate the at least one ultraviolet lightemitting source in response to the activation of the sensor. The sensormay comprise any one or more of a motion detector, infrared detector,microwave doppler detector, sound detector, vibration detector, aproximity detector, thermal detector, chemical detector, pressuredetector, laser detector, magnetic detector and load cell.

Also described is a device for projecting ultraviolet radiation, suchthat the device is a lens and emits ultraviolet light in a range fromabout 10 to 400 nanometers, wherein the device is of a material that istransmissive to ultraviolet light and transmits ultraviolet light at atarget. In one or more embodiments, the device is capable of focusingthe ultraviolet light only on the target. The device may be activated bya variable logic process that allows activation of the device whendetecting the intended object within a range selected for detection. Thedevice is in operable communication with a detector. A furtherembodiment comprises a control module and a power source.

In addition, a method for providing germicidal protection by projectingultraviolet radiation through an ultraviolet light transmissive materialthat forms a lens that does not filter the ultraviolet radiation, theultraviolet radiation generated by at least one ultraviolet lightemitting source embedded within the lens, the lens formed into afunctional shape, the method comprising is disclosed. The methodcomprises providing a detector for detecting an object; in response toan absence of activity of the detector, activating a cycle ofultraviolet radiation generated by the at least one ultraviolet lightemitting source; and in response to activity of the detector,inactivating the cycle of ultraviolet radiation generated by the atleast one ultraviolet light emitting source. After inactivating thecycle of ultraviolet radiation and in response to an absence of activityof the detector, the method may also activate a second cycle ofultraviolet radiation. In response to activity of the detector, themethod may store an identifier that is stored in a memory indicating atime of the response to activity of the detector; and iteratively applythe response to activity of the detector to a future cycle ofultraviolet radiation generated by the at least one ultraviolet lightemitting source. The identifier may be applied to a next cycle toautomatically affect the next cycle at a given time of day in subsequentdays. The method may also validate integrity of the device to assureproper functional capability and if fault is found therein, the devicewill not activate

Still further, described is a method for projecting ultravioletradiation from a device through an ultraviolet light transmissivematerial forming a lens of the device such that the lens does not filterthe ultraviolet radiation, the ultraviolet radiation generated by atleast one ultraviolet light emitting source that is disposed within theultraviolet light transmissive material to project ultraviolet lightbeyond the device to a selected object, the method comprising providingthe device with a control module operating a logic-based algorithm froma processor, operably linking the control module to a detector, runningthe control module for a period of time to determine activity of thedetector, allowing the logic-based algorithm to obtain data associatedwith activity of the detector, and transmitting ultraviolet light basedon the activity of the detector. The device is operable by a powersource. The device detector may be sensitive to the object. Theultraviolet radiation is projected toward the object.

In additional embodiments is described a method of providing germicidalprotection by projecting ultraviolet radiation through a devicecomprising an ultraviolet light transmissive material that forms a lensthat does not filter or refract significantly the ultraviolet radiation,the ultraviolet radiation generated by at least one ultraviolet lightemitting source embedded within the lens, the lens formed into afunctional shape, the method comprising: providing the device with acontrol module operating a logic-based algorithm from a processor;operably linking the control module to a detector; running the controlmodule for a period of time to determine activity of the detector;allowing the logic-based algorithm to obtain data associated withactivity of the detector and absence of activity of the detector; andtransmitting ultraviolet light based on the data associated with theabsence of activity of the detector.

According to some embodiments, a device for disinfection of fluids isprovided by projecting photonic radiation throughout a device, thedevice having an ultraviolet light transmissive material that forms alens that does not filter or refract significantly the photonicradiation, the photonic radiation generated by at least one lightemitting source embedded within the lens, the lens formed into afunctional shape. The device has an embedded photonic source within thesurrounding lens such that the composition of the lens is flexible andremains transmissive to sanitizing radiation by resisting degradationfrom ultraviolet and external contaminates, including solvents, andresists external buildup of elements which may block light transmission.Further, the device enables extended residency time of greater than 10seconds for fluids within a containment vessel and further induce avortex upon the internal fluids, so as to produce effective disinfectionof the fluids passing through the device even at high flow-throughrates. In some embodiments, the ultraviolet light transmissive materialis composed of fluoropolymers.

According to other embodiments, a method of disinfecting fluids isprovided by projecting photonic radiation through a device having anultraviolet light transmissive material that forms a lens that does notfilter or significantly refract the photonic radiation. According tosome embodiments, the photonic radiation is generated by at least onelight emitting source embedded within the lens, the lens optionallyformed into a functional shape. In other embodiments, the methodincludes embedding the photonic source within the surrounding lens suchthat the composition of the lens remains functional and does not readilyfoul and/or become externally covered in contaminates which requireremoval, including either by manual and/or mechanical cleaning processesor replacement of components to restore the unit to unimpeded lightoutput. According to embodiments disclosed herein, the device permitsextended residency time of fluids within a containment vessel, so as toproduce effective disinfection of the fluids passing through the deviceeven at high flow rates.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments will be explained in more detail with reference tothe drawings in which:

FIG. 1 depicts a top view of representative device described herein;

FIG. 2 depicts a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 at line 2-2;

FIG. 3 depicts a side view of the device of FIG. 1 which furthercomprises a cover or shield;

FIG. 4 depicts a partial top view of the device of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 depicts a front view of another representative device describedherein;

FIGS. 6A-6F illustrate representative UV light emitting sources orpackages suitable for operation with a device described herein;

FIG. 7 depicts a logic process as described herein;

FIG. 8 depicts a representative block diagram of a device describedherein;

FIG. 9 representative flow chart of another representative logic processdescribed herein;

FIG. 10 depicts a representative flow chart of still anotherrepresentative logic process described herein;

FIG. 11 depicts a drain with mold and fungus before activation of adevice described herein;

FIG. 12 depicts the drain of FIG. 11 without mold and fungus afteractivation with a device described herein.

FIGS. 13a and 13b are illustrations of a containment vessel fordisinfecting fluids passing therethrough.

FIG. 13c is a cross sectional view of a light source illustrated in FIG.13a taken along the line A-A.

FIG. 14a is a side view of a light bar.

FIG. 14b is a perspective view of the light bar of FIG. 14a

FIG. 14c is a section view of the light bar of FIGS. 14a and 14b with alight source mounted thereon.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Although making and using various embodiments are discussed in detailbelow, it should be appreciated that as described herein are providedmany inventive concepts that may be embodied in a wide variety ofcontexts. Embodiments discussed herein are merely representative and donot limit the scope of the invention.

In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 1-4, a representative device 2 isillustrated in the form of a toilet seat 25. In the embodimentillustrated in FIGS. 1-4, device 2 includes a plurality of ultraviolet(UV) light emitting sources or packages 1 disposed or otherwise embeddedwithin the toilet seat 25 to project UV radiation or light therethroughand outwardly therefrom in order to sanitize, disinfect and/ordecontaminate the surface of the device 2 and its surrounding areas. Asillustrated and as otherwise described herein, the device 2 is formed ofa UV light transmissive material, which not only supports the UV lightemitting sources 1, but also focuses photons emitted by the UV lightemitting sources 1. While the device 2 is formed in the shape of atoilet seat 25, it should be understood that the UV light transmissivematerial may be formed into any number of desired functional orornamental shapes, such as, for example, door hardware (handles, pushplates, push bars, knobs, etc.), faucets, sinks, picture frames, crownmolding, telephones, light fixtures, shower enclosures, bathtubs,dishwasher liners, washer and dryer tubs, handrails, handles, cases andenclosures, furnishings, toys, electronic devices, or any other type ofdevice or object. The methods of forming the functional or ornamentalshape of the device 2, and in particular, the shape of the UV lighttransmissive material, are well known in the art, and may includeinjection molding, heat processing, vacuum or cold forming, laser orwater processing, extrusion, 3-D printing, and the like. The exactmaterial selection considers factors such as the necessary strength,durability and flexibility, as well as heat properties required of thedevice when placed in the desired location for use.

By embedding the UV light emitting source 1 in the UV light transmissivematerial, there is little to no degradation of the light. Thus, there isno blockage or unintentional redirection of the UV light and very littlechange in incident angle, thereby allowing the device to project lightat significantly longer distances. The UV light transmissive material ispreferably one that minimizes refraction and photonic deflection,enabling the projection of photons over a large area and for very longdistances. As a result, the device 2 is an improved UV light emitterwith a longer broadcast range for the UV light as compared with typicalUV light emitters. The UV light transmissive material used herein, whenornamentally shaped, provides an ornamental purpose to the device 2while also offering sanitizing, and disinfecting action as well asbiocidal activity against pathogens and microbes over a large broadcastarea. Similarly, the UV light transmissive material, when functionallyshaped, provides a functional purpose to the device 2 while alsooffering sanitizing, and disinfecting action as well as biocidalactivity against pathogens and microbes over a large broadcast area.With selection of the UV light transmissive material, in manyembodiments, there will be little or negligible degradation of the UVlight transmissive material with use.

In the embodiments disclosed herein, any UV light transmissive materialmay be used that is permeable to UV light rays. Examples include, butare not limited to, clear plastics, such as those that are chemicallysimple, containing generally carbon, fluorine, and/or hydrogen atoms(e.g., fluoropolymers). In addition, other clear plastics from the groupof acrylates and polyacrylates (e.g., polymethylmethacrylate), cyclicolefin copolymers, polyimide quartz, polyetherimides, amorphouspolyolefins, polycarbonates, polysytrenes, polyethylenes, are suitable,or when modified to provide an acceptable permittivity to UV light. Thematerials may be further selected for resistance to heat and willgenerally exclude additives that block UV transmission. Furthermore, thematerials may be readily selected for strength and durability or othermechanical features when used for functional purposes. Other exemplaryUV light transmissive material include, but are not limited to,silicates (fused silica, crystallized quartz), sapphire, and magnesiumfluoride. Because transparency of many plastic materials may bedependent on their thickness, in some embodiments, a thinner materialmay be preferred to improve transmission of the UV light. In addition,when a thicker material is desired, the one or plurality of UV lightemitting sources 1 disposed or embedded in the UV light transmissivematerial may be so disposed or embedded as to have little or only a thinlayer of the light transmissive material near the top surface of the UVlight emitting sources 1.

According to some embodiments, an ultraviolet light transmissive lensmaterial can include a fluoropolymer. The unique performancecharacteristics of fluoropolymers, which make fluoropolymersadvantageous in various applications, include an increased resistance tohigh operating temperatures, including for example, up to approximately450 degrees Fahrenheit, and increased resistance to damage from manychemicals and solvents, including alcohol, ethanol, petroleum compounds,acetone, acids, alkaline bases, and others. As a result of the highlystable composition of fluoropolymers, fully submerged systems can beutilized, which resist and/or otherwise substantially reduce fouling orbuild-up of contaminants on the outside of the disinfecting light sourcethat can block the transmission of disinfecting light. This is a commonproblem in typical UV light water disinfection units. It requires thelight source, which is typically inside a containment vessel, to becleaned. In many cases this limits the ability of the units to beeffective, since heat build-up and/or mineralization/build-up ofcontaminants thereon oftentimes causes premature failure of the unit.Further, fluoropolymers readily transmit, ultraviolet energy, includingfor example, wavelengths down to approximately 190 nm. Fluoropolymersalso resist degradation to ultraviolet radiation, which readily destroysand damages other common polymers. Fluoropolymers are oftentimesapproved for use in medical and food applications and are commonlyconsidered non-flammable, as they self-extinguish if exposed to openflames. Unlike other disclosed materials, fluoropolymers are flexibleand can be readily formed into numerous shapes. Fluoropolymers can beheat-sealed onto light sources to both protect the light source fromexternal damage and tampering, but remains flexible, which presents asuperior characteristic when compared to fragile materials, such as, forexample, common glass. Further, this material can be formed into helicalcoils, which when submerged in fluids or disposed within a vessel orcontainer, can both induce a consistent flow rate and also create avortex imparted upon the fluid. The vortex provides greater consistencyin relative position of fluids within the space (i.e., a morepredictable/optimized flow pattern to the fluid within the vessel inrelation to both time and distance to the operable source as well as itrelates to flow). It is this consistency which can be utilized toincrease residency time within the space to create longer exposure timesto disinfecting light that can increase efficacy, while also maintaininghigh flow through rates. Typical current systems can have residencytimes as short as slightly over 1 second for an 80 gallon per minuteunit. This rapid flow rate, which depending on turbidity, fluidcontamination, dissolved minerals, and other factors present in fluidscan prevent adequate exposure time to disinfecting light to produce thedesired level of germ load reduction within the targeted fluidincluding, but not limited to, water, solutions, and contaminatedfluids. By utilizing a device in which the photonic source is embeddedwithin the surrounding lens such that the lens is flexible and remainstransmissive to sanitizing radiation by resisting degradation fromultraviolet and external contaminates including solvents, and resistsexternal buildup of elements which may block light transmission,increased efficiencies. Further, and as discussed in further detailbelow, the device can permit an extended residency time of greater than10 seconds for fluids within a containment vessel and further induce avortex upon the internal fluids passing through the inside of the coiledlens. This produces effective disinfection of the fluids passing throughthe device even at high flow through rates, and represents a better,more effective system for the consistent disinfection of fluids.

Permanently disposing or embedding in the UV light transmissive materialalso protects the UV light emitting source 1 from environmental factors,damage, and tampering. Permanently embedding at least one UV lightemitting source 1 in the UV light transmissive embedding material allowsthe device 2 to retain and transmit close to or nearly 100% of itsenergy and hence improves light output. The UV light transmissivematerial, in a sense, has been transformed into a single operative lensfor the UV light emitting source 1, and will, therefore, distribute theUV light not only for a much longer distance because of the minimaldifference in refractive index (when transmitting through only a UVlight transmissive material), the single lens can distribute photonicenergy throughout the entire lens, thereby the UV light propagation, inthe absence of any purposefully positioned shield or reflector orabsorber, will be 360 degrees, hence omnidirectional, from a single UVlight emitting source 1. This represents a significant improvement overexisting devices.

In one or more embodiments, such as that depicted in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4,the broadcast area by device 2 is uniform over the entire shapedperipheral surface of toilet seat 25 and the light emits and projectomnidirectionally from the surface of the device. This pattern isextremely beneficial and provides a significant improvement overexisting devices that degrade the UV light before it leaves the surfaceof such devices and that often provide only a narrow, limited spectrumof UV light. The efficacy of the UV light transmitted from a devicedescribed herein is a great improvement when compared with otherexisting devices because there is a greater cumulative amount of UVlight that is transmitted to any object within a large and operativeradius around the device, which is required to effectively killpathogens and microbes on said object(s). The greater cumulative amountof UV light also means that the duration of UV light exposure may bereduced as compared with the duration required with a comparative devicehaving a lower UV light output. In addition, the omnidirectionalcapability of the device 2 means that movement or relocation of thedevice is not required in order to adequately sanitize, disinfect, ordecontaminate said object(s) and their surrounding area.

As illustrated specifically in FIGS. 1-4, the UV light emitting sources1 are positioned near a side surface of the device 2 (i.e., embedded inseat 25). In operation and as discussed above, the seat 25 acts as asingle lens for the plurality of UV light emitting sources 1. Accordingto some embodiments, the toilet seat 25 further includes a cover orshield 30, which may be threadably mounted to a toilet (not illustrated)with fasteners 11 and locking nut 10 (or any other suitable means forfastening) to enable quick attachment (see, e.g., FIG. 3). In theembodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the toilet seat 25 includeseight light emitting sources 1 that are circumferentially spaced aroundthe toilet seat 25; however, it should be understood that a greater orfewer number of UV light emitting sources 1 may be incorporated into thetoilet seat 25. For example, in some embodiments, only a single UV lightemitting source 1 may be utilized. In other embodiments, a greaternumber of UV light emitting sources 1 may be utilized and positioned atany location within the toilet seat 25. In further embodiments, one or aplurality of UV light emitting sources 1 may be positioned on the coveror shield 30. Placement of UV light emitting sources 1 may often dependon where the device 2 will be positioned in its environment. Forexample, if a device 2 is mounted to a wall, then UV light emittingsources 1 may only be necessary on front facing surfaces of the device2. Referring specifically to FIG. 3, the cover 30, when included, isconfigured to attach via a hinge 7 for raising and lowering cover 30.When UV light emitting sources 1 are activated, cover 30 will be exposedto UV light and as a result, will be sanitized and disinfected. When thecover 30 comprises a UV light absorbing (or blocking or reflecting)material, it will absorb (or block or reflect) UV light transmission,preventing further transmission through the cover 30. In otherembodiments, the cover 30 may be in whole or in part made of a UV lighttransmissive material. Thus, cover 30 may be designed, as desired, toabsorb, block or otherwise influence the direction and extent of UVlight transmission from the device 2. The device 2 may, in someembodiments be powered by power source 5 or may be mobile, operatingfrom a battery or other portable power source.

FIG. 5 illustrates another representative device 2 comprising aplurality of UV light emitting sources 1 a and 1 b. Like device 2 ofFIGS. 1-4, device 2 of FIG. 5 acts as a single lens for the plurality ofUV light emitting sources 1 a and 1 b. UV light emitting sources 1 b arefully embedded in the UV light transmissive material. UV light emittingsources 1 a are embedded in part, as will be described in more detailbelow. Both UV light emitting sources 1 a and 1 b are embedded in afront plate 125, which is made of a UV light transmissive material. Thefront plate 125 is supported by back plate or shield 130. In oneembodiment of FIG. 5, back plate 130 is not a UV light transmissivematerial. For example, the back plate 130 may be made of a reflectivematerial, thereby enhancing propagation of photons in a front-ward andside-ward direction only, such that photons propagating towards backplate 130 are reflected back towards front plate 125 and outwardly awayfrom the front and side faces of the front plate 125. In this example,the device 2 is suitable for use as a hardware component on a door,wall, or furniture. The device 2 is optimally positioned when there islittle or no requirement for sanitizing, disinfecting, or otherwisedecontaminating objects that are located behind back plate 130. Thedevice 2 of FIG. 5, may also, in some embodiments be powered by a powersource (not shown) or may be mobile, operating from a battery or otherportable power source.

While not shown, a device described herein may further have other uses.For example, a device described herein may be a medical device or becoupled to a medical device. Similar to the device 2 depicted in FIGS.1-5, any such medical or other device will have a UV light emittingsource permanently embedded in whole or in part in a UV lighttransmissive material, in such a manner that the UV light transmissivematerial acts as a single lens to direct the UV light. In someembodiments, such as when the device is for medical purposes, the devicemay be designed to focus the UV light towards a specific object and/orlocation. Because some devices may necessitate a higher output of UVlight, suitable portions of such devices may also include a shield andmay optionally include a heat exchanger, such as a passive heat sinkknown in the art. In some embodiments, the shield will redirect at leastsome of the UV light to focus the UV light when emitted from the device.In some embodiments, the shield will block at least some of the UV lightto prevent damage when in certain regions near the device. In someembodiments, the shield will potentiate at least some of the UV light toimprove output of the UV light when emitted from the device. Any of saidshields may be used alone or in combination and may be made integralwith the device or be near the device.

Referring again to FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the UV light emitting sources 1 arepowered by power source 5, such as, for example, an AC, DC, solar,induction, wind and/or battery power source or fuel cell. UV lightemitting sources 1 a and 1 b of FIG. 5 are similarly powered. Powersource 5 may, in some embodiments, be a variable power source, which maybe used, for example, to vary the light output of device 2. The UV lightemitting sources 1, 1 a and 1 b, are further operably linked (wired orwirelessly) to a control module 3. Control module 3 is operablyassociated (wired or wirelessly) with at least one detector 4. Thecontrol module includes at least one data storage unit or memory thatmay or may not be portable. The data storage unit stores programmedinstructions, data or both. The control module 3 optionally includes awireless communication interface (e.g., via transceiver chip or thelike) that may be integrated or provided as an additional component. Aprocessor, generally associated with control module 3, controls manyoperations of the device. Said operations include storage of data,instructions for and communications with the one or more UV lightemitting sources 1 (as well as UV light emitting sources 1 a and 1 b),as well as instructions for and communications with a user interface.The processor may also retrieve and execute instructions stored in theat least one data storage unit, such as memory (e.g., one or more ofrandom access memory, flash memory, and the like). Thus, the controlmodule 3 receives input from the at least one detector 4 and from theuser interface, sends output to the one or more UV light emittingsources 1 (including 1 a and 1 b) and may send output via the userinterface. User input may be in the form of buttons or from a keypad oran LCD screen and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the controlmodule may provide output to the user, such as in the form of a displayor one or more status indicators. FIG. 8 depicts the various modulesthat may be associated with a device 2 as described herein, includingcommunications module 802, control module/processor 804, detector 806,power source 808, user interface 810, and memory 812. It is understoodthat some of said modules, such as the control/processor 804, detector806, power source 808, user interface 810 and memory 812 may be includedon the device 2 itself and/or remote from the device 2.

As illustrated in the embodiments of FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the controller 3,the detector 4, and the power source 5 are located in a hub 6, which isdisposed on or adjacent to device 2; however, it should be understoodthat other locations are acceptable, such as on the seat 25, the cover30 or any other location. The locations may be within device 2, neardevice 2, adjacent to the device 2 or may be some distance away, such aswhen configured with components that allow for remote or wirelessoperation. According to some embodiments, the controller 3 may includean LCD screen or other suitable means for controlling and/or settingconditions of operation, for displaying output and allowing user input.

Detector 4 may include one or more of a motion detector, an infraredsensor, a sound detector, a device for detecting vibration, a proximitydetector, a thermal detector, a chemical detector, a doppler microwavedetector, a pressure detector, a load cell, a laser detector, magneticor any other device or method of detection of an object or person so asto avoid and prevent, as explained in greater detail below, unwantedexposure to UV light.

In operation, the device 2 communicates with the at least one detector4, which is operably associated with device 2. In one or moreembodiments, when the detector 4 fails to detect an object to which itis responsive to, such as a person or other moving object in itseffective area, the UV light emitting sources 1 may be activated (orwill continue to remain active). For example, when detector 4 is amotion sensor and senses motion typically associated with a humanproximate to the device 2, the detector 4 communicates with the controlmodule 3 and a signal or other output is generated by the control module3 to deactivate and otherwise turn off the UV light emitting sources 1in order to avoid and/or otherwise minimize exposure to the UV light.The detector 4 may be calibrated as to how sensitive it is in detectingthe object to which it is responsive to (e.g., object or person). Insome embodiments, a plurality of detectors 4 may be required, such aswhen a device 2 is very large (e.g., long or wide) or when the device 2is required to operate in a large space. The plurality of detectors 4may be the same type of detector or different types. Thus, detector 4acts as an interlocking unit operatively coupled for inactivation of UVlight emitting sources 1 when the detector 4 is activated. This providesan improved process for operating the UV light emitting sources 1,allowing them to function safely, optimally and in an operative mannerfor their intended purpose, to sanitize, disinfect and decontaminate theeffective area on and around device 2.

Said detector 4 may also be any of said detection devices or methods ofdetection of an object or person so as to provide a predetermined andspecific emission of UV light. In these embodiments, when detector 4detects an object to which it is responsive to, such as an object in therange of sensitivity of the detector 4, the one or more UV lightemitting sources 1 may be activated. Said one or more UV light emittingsources 1 may continue to remain active until the object is no longer inthe range of sensitivity of detector 4. Alternatively, said one or moreUV light emitting sources 1 may be inactivated after a predeterminedperiod of time.

In addition to detecting the presence of the object or person, thedetector may be communicatively coupled to another object, such as adoor, building power, or any other device or system that is capable ofenabling the system to detect or determine the presence or likelypresence of the object or person near or proximate to the device 2. Forexample, in the event device 2 is a toilet seat 25, detector 4 may becommunicatively coupled to the restroom entranceway to detect a doormoving from a closed position to an open position in order to inactivedevice 2 prior to the object or person entering the restroom. Uponactivation of detector 4, a signal is generated to deactivate the UVlight emitting sources 1. Similarly, detector 4 could be selected andused to detect whether or not a restroom light is on or off and aresultant signal generated by the control module 3 to activate the UVlight emitting sources 1 only when the light is off, presumably when thebathroom is not occupied.

As explained in greater detail below, activation and deactivation oflight emitting sources 1 (as well as that of UV light emitting sources 1a and 1 b) are controlled by a dynamic (variable) logic process andalgorithmic instructions associated with controller 3, and may be storedin the at least one data storage unit.

Any of devices 2 of FIGS. 1-5 or any other functional or ornamentaldevice described herein, will have one or a plurality of UV lightemitting sources 1. As illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6E, the UV light emittingsource 1 may resemble and include some but not all components of atypical light emitting diode (LED), or modifications thereof, therebyresembling, for example, a TO-39 (see FIG. 6B, FIG. 6C), a surfacemounted diode (see FIG. 6D), a TO-38 (not shown) or a P8D type (notshown), etc. The UV light emitting sources 1 of FIGS. 6A to 6D aregenerally configured with a semiconductor device or package with atleast one semiconductor chip or die 103. When the UV light emittingsource 1 is designed to resemble any of the typical LEDs, the chip ordie 103 will comprise a p-n junction. The UV light emitting sources 1may also, in some embodiments, resemble and include components of atypical laser emitting diode (see FIG. 6E).

Similar to a typical or traditional LED die or laser diode, any of theUV light emitting sources 1 of FIGS. 6A to 6F will include a UV lightemitting material as part of the UV functional portion. However, unliketypical LED dies that have a UV light emitting material on the die thatis either white or monochromatic and in the visible spectrum (generallyfrom 450 nm to 940 nm), the UV light emitting material described herein,such as that on die 103 of UV light emitting source 1 in FIGS. 6A to 6Dor associated with UV light emitting source 1 of FIG. 6E to 6F, willemit in the ultraviolet light spectrum, from between about 10 nm to 400nm (ionizing and non-ionizing UV), including emission in the germicidalrange of between about 265 nm to about 280 nm. The UV light emittingmaterial described herein may be a solid material or a gas. FIG. 6A to6E comprise solid UV light emitting materials. In these embodiments, thesolid UV light emitting material is a component of the die 103 or laserdiode 114. Examples of UV light emitting materials include nanocrystals,of variable shape and size, or combination of nanocrystals that emitwithin the ultraviolet light spectrum or only within a portion of theultraviolet light spectrum. Further examples include tin dioxidenanocrystals covered with a shell of tin monoxide; aluminum nitride withor without pseudomorphic epitaxial structures or layers; gallium nitridewith or without pseudomorphic epitaxial structures or layers; ceriumdoped with lithium strontium aluminum fluoride; boron diamonds; etc. Thelight emitting material may, therefore, be one or a plurality thereof(or any suitable combination of light emitting materials) that emit overa broad spectrum, or one or a plurality (or any suitable combination oflight emitting materials) that emit over a narrow spectrum (e.g.,monochromatic). FIG. 6F comprises a gaseous UV light emitting material,as is known to one skilled in the art.

The amount of the light emitting material may be varied in order to varythe intensity or light output. The light output may also be varied bythe amount of power to the UV light emitting source 1 of FIGS. 6A to 6F,supplied by the power source, and hence, to the UV light emittingmaterial.

In various embodiments, one or more semiconductor chips or dies 103comprising the UV light emitting material are mounted in a cavity 102.The cavity and/or its associated configuration may be such that thedirection of propagation of UV light ranges from about 20 degrees to asmuch as 150 degrees. In FIG. 6A, cavity 102 is located atop the anvil106 and is wire bonded with wire 101 that resides on the post 105 spacedapart from the anvil 106 with a gap 104 there between. The anode 107 isconnected to the post 105 and the cathode 108 is connected to the anvil106, and jointly the anode 107 and cathode 108 together are referred toas the leadframe. Power is supplied to the UV light emitting source 1 bya power supply, similar to the power supply 5 of FIGS. 1, 3, and 4. Thisconfiguration of components is similar to components used for a typicalor traditional LED. In FIG. 6B, the semiconductor chip(s) 103 comprisingthe UV light emitting material are depicted above cathode 108 with anode107 to the right; however, additional variable leadframes may also beincluded with this configuration and may serve as mounting points. InFIG. 6D, one or more semiconductor chip(s) 103 comprising the UV lightemitting material are centrally located, while the anode 107 and thecathode 108 are positioned peripherally. In FIG. 6E, a UV light emittingsource 1, a laser diode comprising a UV light emitting material is showncomprising a photodiode pin 109, a photodiode wire 110, a photodiode111, a laser diode pin 112, a laser diode 114 and a laser diode wire113. In FIG. 6F, a UV light emitting material, in the form of a gasemits from fluorescent bulb 115, in which an anode 107 and cathode 108are only partially embedded in the UV light transmissive material.

Similar to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-5, each the UV light emittingmaterials (either associate with a chip or die, a laser diode, or abulb, as depicted in FIGS. 6A to 6F, will be wholly embedded in the UVlight transmissive material, in order that the UV light transmissivematerial forms a lens. While the UV light emitting materials are whollyembedded within the UV light transmissive material, additionalcomponents of the UV light source 1 are not always embedded, as waspreviously described with UV light sources 1 a of FIG. 5.

In all embodiments described, UV light emitting materials, by way oftheir UV light emitting further are controlled by a control module inoperable communication with a detector. Associated with any of the UVlight emitting sources 1 of FIGS. 6A to 6F may be one or a pluralityintegrated circuits or discrete components, when more than one UV lightemitting source 1 is controlled at a time. In some embodiments, when theUV light emitting source 1 includes two or more chips or dies 103, theymay be connected together in an inverse parallel configuration. Thisallows light spectral variability, including colors when one or morechips emit in the visible light spectrum or include one or more phosphoror color coating agent. In some embodiments, when a plurality of dies103 are included, they may be controlled independently. For example, oneUV light emitting source may include at least one die with a UV lightemitting material and one die with a material that emits in the visiblelight spectrum. In operation, the dies 103 may be controlledindependently in order that the UV light emitting material is inactivewhen the material that emits in the visible light spectrum is active,and vice versa. In another example, a device may have at least one UVlight emitting source as well as a visible source that emits in thevisible light spectrum. Here, the at least one UV light emitting sourceis controlled independently in order that the UV light emitting materialmay be inactive when the visible source (that emits in the visible lightspectrum) is active, and vice versa.

None of the UV light emitting sources 1 (including 1 a and 1 b of FIG. 5or as otherwise described herein) require added photonic crystals or anadded reflection device, or an added metal grating structure forcoupling or for operation. In some embodiments, the UV light emittingsource 1 is also not encapsulated in or beneath a spaced apart lens orshell. Thus, in these embodiments, there is no air between the UV lightemitting source 1 and the UV light transmissive material to induce achange in refractive index as the energy is emitted from the UV lightemitting source 1. Furthermore, in these embodiments there is noadditional lens, including one of a different refractive index or of adifferent or non-UV light transmissive material, that prevents passageof photons at certain angles or that change light output or minimizeprojection of UV light. This is contrasted with the typical ortraditional LED that has a cap or lens and, therefore, has air in itsimmediate proximity, which exhibits a low refractive index, immediatelyadjacent the LED components. The cap or lens in a typical or traditionalLED often uses epoxy as the lens material. However, epoxy is notpermissive to most of the UV light spectrum; it is generally onlytransmissive to wavelengths greater than 350 nm, thereby blockingtransmission of lower wavelengths, including the germicidal wavelengths(˜265 nm to about 280 nm) known as UV-C. UV light passing through anepoxy lens will also degrade the epoxy irreparably over a relativelyshort period of time. In addition, most epoxy caps or lenses are cap orcone shaped. An epoxy cap or lens (or one of another material having ahigher refractive index or different refractive index than the UV lighttransmissive material) will diffuse the UV light, forcing it to emit atonly certain angles, generally at higher incident angles at onlyportions of the lens, because of the shape of the cap or lens.

In additional embodiments, the UV light emitting source 1 may include anative lens. In these embodiments, the native lens is preferably made ofa UV light transmissive material as described herein. The native lens isfused or otherwise bonded with the UV light transmissive material of thedevice, which, therefore, forms the single functional lens of thedevice. Thus, there is little, minimal or no change in refractive indexwhen emitting UV light through the single functional lens (UV lighttransmissive material), such that UV light emission still benefits fullyby having the single lens. With such a configuration remains no need forphotonic crystals or an added reflection device, or an added metalgrating structure for operation.

While light output is a function of and varies with the type of chip, itis also dependent on the transmissibility of the UV light transmissivematerial. A more focused light output with a larger or narrower spatialradiation pattern may be created by adjusting the current supplied tothe LED and altering the shape, shielding or transmissibility of the UVlight transmissive material. This means the light output and the lightdistribution may be controlled and finely tuned by changing the materialproperties and/or thickness of the UV light transmissive embeddingmaterial. For example, the UV light transmissive material containing theat least one UV light emitting source 1 may be sandwiched between asecond material that is less transmissive to UV light or one that blocksUV light transmission. Various arrangements of UV light transmissivematerial and non-UV light transmissive material or less UV lighttransmissive material may be provided to a device described herein. Thesurface characteristics of the UV light transmissive material may alsobe manipulated to vary the surface characteristics, such as the incidentangle of light, which assists in light output. For example, in someembodiments, all or part of the surface of the UV light transmissivematerial may be shaped with facets, or angles, to allow more light to beemitted from the surface and to minimize any internal reflections thatmay be caused when the surface is flat. The ultraviolet lighttransmissive material may also have an abraded surface to maximize lighttransmission.

In any of the devices described herein, embedding of the UV lightemitting source includes embedding the UV functional portion (the UVemitting material) in the UV light transmissive material as well asembedding, either partially or fully, leadframes 107, 108 in the UVlight transmissive material and optionally embedding, either partiallyor fully, any shield. As depicted in FIGS. 1-4, the UV light emittingsources 1 are fully embedded in the UV light transmissive material ofseat 25. In FIG. 5, UV light emitting sources 1 b are fully embedded inthe UV light transmissive material of front plate 125, the UV lightemitting sources 1 a are only partially embedded. With partialembedding, the entirety of die 103, cavity 102, wire 101, post 105 andanvil 106, and gap 104 are embedded in the UV light transmissivematerial of front plate 125. Leadframes 107, 108 are only partiallyembedded, exposing the anode and cathode respectively. In additionalembodiments, embedding as described herein may also include the controlmodule 3 with or without the detector 4.

The depth of embedding in the UV light transmissive material may vary.Variables that may impact the depth of embedding include the function,location and type of force that may be applied to the UV light emittingsource 1 and the UV light transmissive material when formed as afunctional or ornamental device. A UV light emitting source 1 may insome embodiments be positioned at a depth that is in a range of about ⅛inch to 2 inches or more below the outer surface of the UV lighttransmissive material. For example, a UV light emitting source 1 in apush plate may be about ⅛ inch below the outer surface of the UV lighttransmissive material. A UV light emitting source 1 in a toilet seat maybe about ½ inch below the outer surface of the UV light transmissivematerial. A UV light emitting source 1 in a door handle may be about ¾inch below the outer surface of the UV light transmissive material.

In any of said embodiments, whether fully or partially embedding the UVlight emitting source 1, there will be minimal, negligible or no spatialseparation between the UV light emitting source 1 (UV emitter) and theUV light transmissive material (lens). Hence, there will be no gap orsignificant difference in transmissibility or refractive index becauseof an added, non-transmissive material. Instead, the UV light emittingsource 1 (UV emitter) and the UV light transmissive material (lens) aredirectly coupled or associated without the need of an intermediate oradditional component required in alternative emitters, such as photoniccrystals, an added reflection device, or an added metal gratingstructure. With the devices described herein the UV light emittingsource 1 (UV emitter) and the UV light transmissive material (lens) area singular inseparable functional device 2 when in operation with thecontrol module 3, the detector(s) 4, the power source(s) 5 and optionalshield(s).

The logic circuitry associated with the control module that willgenerally include one or more of the following: microprocessor, printedcircuit board, logic circuit, microcomputer, CPU, and interfaces thatmay be remote (based on radio frequency, Wi-Fi, infrared, laser, and/orinternet). The logic circuit includes a problem solving (temporallearning) logic, as depicted visually in FIG. 7, which activates the UVlight emitting source 1 embedded in the UV light transmissive material(lens) of the described device. The problem solving logic is, thus, analgorithmic and iterative logic activation process to initiateactivation as well as inactivation of the device.

As depicted in FIG. 7, the rule set for an activation cycle includes On201, Off 202, and the Variable 203. The solid line between 201, 202 and203 represents event states while dashed lines flowing from 203 and 201and between 207, 206, and 205 represent data. In an example of theiterations performed by the described device, an activation cycle willinitiate with data from the Initial Program 204 directing the activationpotential of On 201, Off 202, and the Variable 203. The Initial Program204 directs control module 3 on device 2. As previously stated, thecontrol module 3 may be onboard the device 2 or remotely controlled.Upon direction from control module 3 by the Initial Program 204, thedevice 2 will activate one or more UV light emitting sources 1. However,when detector 4 is activated, because there is motion, sound or otheractivity created by a presence within the detection range of detector 4,this activates the Variable 203 event, thereby activating the Off 202state. Cumulative data from both the successful directions of controlmodule 3 (e.g., successful activations of the one or more UV lightemitting source(s) 1 by the Initial Program 204 and the unsuccessfuldirections of control module 3 (interrupted activations of the one ormore UV light emitting source(s) 1 by Variable 203 event, and triggeringthe Off 202 state), may be captured as data. In some embodiments, thedata is stored data 207. Some of the stored data may be processed by adynamic program 206. Processing may include an algorithm that determinesan optimal frequency and duration of successful activations of the oneor more UV light emitting source(s) 1 in a certain period of time (e.g.,24 hour period). This ensures that the one or more UV light emittingsource(s) 1 are not active when detector 4 is activated, which isrepresentative of an object or a presence within an effectivesensitivity of detector 4, and hence device 2. This also provides amethod of allowing the device 2 to automatically activate for a fullexposure cycle without requiring manual input and without projectingharmful UV light on the object or the presence. When the dynamic program206 is finished processing the data, a new program is communicated tothe active program 205, which now directs the On 201, Off 202, andVariable 203. The Initial Program 204 is then set to a state of stasis.This process is generally iterative. It may, in some embodiments,continue indefinitely, or may be set to continue for only a set numberof iterations. In additional embodiments, the logic may only include theOn 201, Off, 202 and Variable 204 state only or any combination of logicpreviously described above.

With the algorithmic logic activation process, the one or more UV lightemitting source(s) 1 will be activated in the absence of an object orpresence, which means only as long as the detector 4 remains inactive.Moreover, with the described process, UV light emitting source 1 will beinactivated (if active) when detector 4 is activated, such when there isan object or a presence in the range or sensitivity of detection ofdetector 4. The process may further accommodate additional programs andalgorithms. The algorithmic logic activation process may also bestacked. The algorithmic logic activation process may include additionallogic that varies the activation length of the UV light emitting source1, such that there may be certain activations that are of a longduration and certain activations that are short in duration. Forexample, a short duration may be activated more often while a longduration may occur less frequently. The durations may also trigger onlya subset of UV light emitting source 1. For example, UV light emittingsource 1 may be triggered for only a short duration to kill pathogensand microbes that are destroyed after only short durations of exposureto UV light. UV light emitting source 1 may also be triggered for a longduration to kill molds, fungi and algae that are destroyed only withlong durations of exposure to UV light. Any variabilities may be writteninto the dynamic program 206, calculated as a potential logic responseto high traffic times as well as times of long absences of Variable 203events. Similar logic may also be applied to alter the UV lightintensity.

FIGS. 9 and 10 provide examples for activation of devices describedherein. While the examples reference a detector as a motion detector,this is merely exemplary of any type of detector suitable with theprocess. And the examples do not limit the number or types of detectorsthat may operate as described. Referring first to FIG. 9, a logicprocess of a device is initiated at 902 and the device emits radiationfrom a UV light emitting source 1 for a predetermined UV cycle at 905(predefined duration, intensity, and time of day) only when there is nodetection at 904 by detector 4 of a person or moving object. When thereis no detection at 910 by detector 4 of a person or moving object, theUV cycle will continue and finish its cycle at 912 and stop at 914. Whenthere is detection at 904 of a person or object, by detector 4, a UVcycle is deactivated at 906. Similarly, if during the active cycle 905there is detection of a person or object by detector 4, there is alsodeactivation of the UV cycle at 906. The detector may continue to beprompted until there is no further presence of a person or object at 908and the cycle is continued at 912 and stopped when complete at 914.

Referring to FIG. 10, in some embodiments, a process starts at 1002 andthe device emits radiation from a UV light emitting source 1 for apredefined UV cycle at 1004. The cycle continues and is complete at 1014if there is no presence of an object or person at 1008. The cycle isstopped prematurely at 1010 if the there is a presence of an object orperson at 1008. Whether or not the cycle is completed at 1014 or stoppedprematurely at 1010, the process will automatically move to the nextpredefined event at 1016 or 1012, respectively.

Referring now to FIGS. 13a and 13b , a sterilization system 298 isillustrated in which a light source 301 is disposed within a containmentvessel 300 to sanitize fluids flowing therethrough. In FIGS. 13a and 13b, the sterilization system 298 includes the containment vessel 300, thelight source 301 and a fluid conduit 305 disposed therein. As discussedin greater detail below, fluid is directed from a fluid inlet 306directly into the conduit 305. The fluid exits the opposed end of theconduit 305 and into the vessel interior 308, where the fluid issanitized prior to exiting the vessel through the outlet 302, which mayin some embodiments require passage through an additional length ofconduit 305 as shown, for example, in FIG. 13b . In operation, the lightsource 301 is powered so as to generate photonic energy to, as discussedbelow, sterilize the fluid as it flows through the conduit 305 and intothe vessel interior 308 for eventual exit through outlet 302.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 13a and 13b , the containmentvessel 300 is cylindrical having a top wall 310 an opposed bottom wall312 and a sidewall 314 extending between the top wall 310 and the bottomwall 312. The top wall 310 includes a removable cover 303 to provideaccess to the vessel interior 308. According to one embodiment, thecontainment vessel 300 is approximately 50 inches tall and has adiameter of approximately 27 inches so as to have a volume to receiveapproximately 100 gallons of fluid in the interior 308. It should beunderstood, however, that other sizes and shapes of the containmentvessel 300 may be utilized. For example, non-circular cross sections,such as, for example, square, rectangular, octagonal and/or oval, may beutilized. In addition, the containment vessel 300 may be built withdiffering heights such as for example, a height less than or greaterthan 50 inches and having diameters less than or greater than 27 inches.As explained in greater detail below, the size and the shape of thecontainment vessel 300 is selected based at least in part on certainvariables such as the time necessary to expose the fluid to the photonicenergy, desired flow rates, desired amount of turbidity (or lackthereof), and desired fluid flow paths within the vessels interior 308.The desired shape and flow rate may be defined by the targetedsanitizing effect and end-use application, including fluid storage,fluid treatment, fluid purification, chemical mitigation, contaminatedfluids, etc. including those which require ultraviolet to inactivate,detoxify or otherwise change the chemical nature of various contaminatesincluding chemical and petroleum contaminates. The desired shape andflow rate may also be dependent upon the location of the system,including, but not limited to, restaurants, hospitals, laboratories,food and beverage production facilities, manufacturing locations suchhas those that utilize CNC machines, offices, buildings, residences,hotels, cruise ships, municipalities, military, law enforcement,governmental agencies including disaster and emergency service, etc.

Referring specifically to FIG. 13c , the light source 301 is coupled toand in direct and immediate contact with an ultraviolet transmissivelens 304 in order to permit the generated photons, inclusive of anygenerated ultraviolet light, to freely propagate throughout the entiretyof the lens 304 and into the vessel interior 308. For example, in theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 13c , the lens 304 encircles an outermostsurface 316 of the light source 301. According to some embodiments, thelight source 301 is a 75-watt UV-C 254 nm type bulb. The surroundinglens 304 has a thickness of 0.02 inches, although other types of lightsources 301 and lens thicknesses can be utilized. According to someembodiments, the lens 304 is formed of a ultraviolet light transmissivematerial such as, for example, a fluoropolymer.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 13a and 13b , the fluid conduit305 is a coiled tube, which is shown submerged within the surroundingfluid to be sanitized in the vessel interior 308 and is disposed aroundthe submerged light source 301. As illustrated in FIG. 13a , the conduit305 has a circular cross-sectional area forming a fluid passageway 318,although other shapes can be utilized for the fluid passageway 318. Insome embodiments, the fluid passageway 318 has a diameter of 0.74 inchesand a wall thickness of 0.06 inches and is formed having a totaluncoiled length of 40 feet. According to some embodiments, the fluidconduct 305 is coiled with 46 turns and has a coil outer diameter ofapproximately 4 inches. It should be understood that the fluid conduit305 may be of different sizes, shapes, thicknesses and having adifferent number of turns depending on factors such as size of thevessel 300, amount of photonic energy generated, desired exposure time,flow rates through the vessel 300, etc.

In operation, the light source 301 and surrounding lens 304 aresubmerged within the fluid inside the vessel interior 308 and theconduit 305 is positioned such that the light source 301 is disposedinside the coils. The surrounding lens 304 encloses and protects thelight source 301 from elements in the fluid that may damage thesubmerged components or otherwise adversely impact the performance ofthe sterilization system 298. Such damaging elements may include harshchemicals, dissolved compounds and other debris that may be present inthe fluid being sanitized (i.e., metal, particulate, plant matter,etc.). In addition, the lens 304 resists any significant damage and/ordegradation caused by ultraviolet light and/or heat generated by thelight source 301. Due to the highly stable composition offluoropolymers, it is possible to create fully submerged systems, suchas the system illustrated in FIGS. 13a and 13b , which resist fouling ora build-up of contaminants on the outside of the disinfecting lightsource that may ultimately block the transmission of disinfecting light.

In use, fluid is directed into the conduit 305 through the vessel inlet306. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 13a and 13b , fluid flowsthrough the coiled conduit 305, and thus, around the light source 301,ultimately exiting into the vessel interior 308 the conduit exit 320,which is disposed adjacent to or otherwise near the bottom wall 312, ata constant flow rate. Advantageously, the constant flow rate provides anon-turbulent and constant flow while at the same time creating a vorteximported on the fluid. This flow produces consistency in both flow rate,as well as greater consistency in relative position of fluids within thevessel 300. It is this consistency that can be utilized to increaseresidency time within the space to create longer exposure times todisinfecting light. This can increase efficacy while maintaining highflow through rates. Typical systems can have residency times as short asslightly over 1 second for an 80 gallon per minute unit. This rapid flowrate, which depending on turbidity, fluid contamination, dissolvedminerals and other factors present in fluids, can prevent adequateexposure time to disinfecting light to produce the desired level of germload reduction within a targeted fluid, including water, solutions, andeven contaminated fluids, to name a few.

It should be understood that by embedding the photonic source 301 withinthe flexible surrounding lens 304 of fluoropolymeric material, thesystem 298 remains transmissive to sanitizing radiation by resistingdegradation from ultraviolet and external contaminates, includingsolvents, and resists external buildup of elements which tend to blocklight transmission.

Embodiments disclosed herein permit an extended residency time ofgreater than 10 seconds for fluids within a containment vessel andfurther induce a vortex upon the fluids passing through and exiting theinside of the coiled tube so as to produce effective disinfection.Fluids passing through the device even at high flow through rates,represents a better, more effective system for the consistentdisinfection of fluids. According to embodiments disclosed herein, thismay be achieved by modulating the flow of incoming liquids into thevessel 300 through the inlet 306. Additionally, the diameter of theinlet 306, the size of the helical coils 305 (diameter of fluidpassageway, diameter of coils, number of coils, as well as the size ofthe outlet 302 can independently or in combination be altered toincrease or decrease flow through rates throughout the containmentvessel 300.

According to some embodiments, both the ultraviolet transmissive lens304 as well as the conduit 305 may be manufactured utilizing ultraviolettransmissive lens materials, which when fully submerged within thevessel 300, provides multiple exposure intervals to liquids passingthrough the conduit 305 as well as upon the exit into the vesselinterior 308 from the sanitizing photons generated by the light source301. For example, fluid is exposed to sanitizing photons generated bythe light source 301 not only when inside the conduit 305, but also whenfluid exits the conduit 305 and travels through the vessel interior 308and to the exit 302. The generated ultraviolet light/photons project inan omnidirectional pattern throughout the entirety of the fluid passingthrough the conduit 305 and vessel interior 308. This multiple exposurecharacteristic permits for longer duration exposure times to moreeffectively sanitize the targeted liquids by increasing both exposuretime, but also proximity to the light source which can be varied toincrease efficacy of the device. It should be understood that more thanone light source 301 and/or conduits 305 may be utilized in asterilization system, depending on flow rates, volume of thesterilization system and other factors.

FIGS. 14a-14c illustrate a light bar 400 for supporting a light source401 thereon. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 14a -14 c, the lightbar 400 serves multiple functions. For example, the light bar 400 can befabricated from a material so as to, in addition to supporting the lightsource 401, act as a heat sink for the light source 401, as well as actas a rigid mounting surface for the application and/or coupling of theultraviolet transmissive lens 304 thereto, as best illustrated in FIG.14c . In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 14a -14 c, the light bar400 includes six sides for supporting one or more light sources 401thereon. It should be understood that the light bar 400 can have agreater or fewer number of sides, depending on the desiredconfiguration. The light bar 400 is unique in that it permits for thevariance of populating one or more sides with one or more light sourcesso as to selectively generate and direct sanitizing photonic energy asrequired. The light bar 400 may be configured to have light sources 401mounted upon one, two, three, four, five or six sides, in analternating, continuous or intermittent pattern. Further, each lightsource 401 can be varied, both individually or relative to each side togenerate differing frequencies of photonic energy to achieve the desiredlevel of sanitization of the targeted liquid.

The described devices 2 are suitable for use in any environment, such ahome, office, business, hospital or the like. Activation of the device 2or any embodiments thereof, will sanitize and disinfect the environmentin which they are in and for a distance of up to 18 feet or more.Because of the broad spectrum nature of the device 2, it is germicidaland is operative whether a material in the environmental is airborne,liquid, solid or frozen.

Thus, as described herein, device 2 may be considered a singular entitythat is both a UV emitter and a UV lens for transmitting UV light, in awavelength or a range of wavelengths between about 10 nm and about 400nm. Thus, device 2 is capable of emitting UV light at a germicidalwavelength of about 265 nm to about 280 nm as well. The device 2 mayemit the UV light at a distance of up to 18 feet or more. This distancemay be ever further if there is significant increase in output power tothe UV light emitting source 1. The device 2 is activated by a dynamic(variable) logic process to ensure that the device is inactive when thedevice detects a presence by the detector 4. Activation is by controlmodule 3, which is controlled by the dynamic (variable) logic processand associated algorithm(s) described above

In further examples, UV light emitting sources that resembled lightemitting diodes but embedded in UV light transmissive material weretested. Initial light transmissive materials included glass and treatedpolymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). With these materials, 30% of microbes(bacteria, algae, and parasites in contaminated water) were killed after5 minutes of UV light exposure. Kill rates were significantly higherwhen exposure times were increased to at least or greater than 30minutes.

When UV light was projected to a ultraviolet transmissive PMMA, theinternal structure of various microbes darkened within 30 to 45 secondsand all (100%) of the bacteria as well as parasitic organisms werekilled within three minutes, at which time greater than 90% of theorganisms showed visible cell wall rupture. Algae were killed at orafter 30 minutes exposure with similar cell wall disruption.

A handheld device positioned at a distance of about 1 to 3 inches awaywas tested on fungal and mold colonies residing on a household surface,such as in showers and round drains (FIG. 11) Greater than 95% of thefungus and mold were killed with exposures of 15 minutes and 30 minutes,as shown in FIG. 12.

In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements orsteps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude aplurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutuallydifferent dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of thesemeasured cannot be used to its advantage.

The foregoing description includes examples embodying, at least in part,certain teachings of the invention. The invention, as defined by theappended claims, is not limited to the described embodiments.Alterations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments may be madewithout departing from the invention. The meaning of the terms used inthis specification are, unless expressly stated otherwise, intended tohave ordinary and customary meaning and are not intended to be limitedto the details of the illustrated structures or the disclosedembodiments. Although the foregoing description of embodiments haveshown, described and pointed out certain novel features of theinvention, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions,and changes in the form of the detail as illustrated as well as the usesthereof, may be made by those skilled in the art, without departing fromthe scope of the invention. Particularly, it will be appreciated thatthe one or more embodiments may manifest itself in other configurationsas appropriate for the end use of the material made thereby.

What is claimed is:
 1. A fluid sanitizing system comprising: acontainment vessel for holding the fluid therein; at least one photonicsource disposed within the vessel, the at least one photonic sourcegenerating and emitting photonic energy in at least one wavelength; alens formed of a fluoropolymer material and surrounding the at least onephotonic source such that the at least one photonic source and thefluoropolymer material include all components for generating andemitting photonic energy when the photonic source is activated such thatit is an operable source; and wherein the operable source is mountedwithin the tank and positioned to be fully submerged within the fluidsuch that the fluid is exposed to photonic energy so as to produce asanitizing effect upon the fluid.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein theat least one photonic source is coupled with the lens such that thephotonic energy emitting from the at least one photonic source transmitsthrough and projects beyond the fluoropolymer material, wherein the lenspropagates photons in an omnidirectional pattern simultaneouslythroughout the entirety of the coupled lens.
 3. The device of claim 1,further comprising a coiled fluoropolymer tube disposed around theoperable source for receiving fluid therein to be exposed to sanitizingphotonic energy.
 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the tube is coiled.5. The device of claim 1, wherein the fluoropolymer material comprisesfluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP).
 6. The device of claim 1, whereinthe fluoropolymer material comprises ethylene tetrafluoroethylene(ETFE).
 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the fluoropolymer materialcomprises perfluoroalkoxy alkanes (PFA).
 8. The device of claim 1,wherein the lens is resistant to and does not materially degrade orbecome damaged from the photonic energy.
 9. The device of claim 1,wherein the photonic source is a bulb.
 10. The device of claim 1,wherein the photonic source is a light emitting diode.
 11. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the photonic source is a laser diode.
 12. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the lens is resistant to and does not materiallydegrade or become damaged from exposure to heat generated by thephotonic source.
 13. The device of claim 1, wherein there is no gapbetween the lens and the photonic source.
 14. The device of claim 1,wherein the at least one photonic source is mounted to a light bar, suchthat the light bar is an inclusive part of the operable source.
 15. Thedevice of claim 14, wherein the at least one photonic source is mountedto a light bar, the at least one photonic source may be configured togenerate different wavelengths upon at least one and up to 6 differentsides.
 16. The device of claim 1, wherein embedding between the lens andthe photonic source is such that the photonic source and lens are notdivisible as separate functional components.
 17. The device of claim 1,wherein the photonic source embedded within and underneath the outersurface of the lens allows the device to be protected from andimpervious to one or more of damage and tampering.
 18. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the lens is abraded.
 19. The device of claim 1, whereinthe device further comprises a shield such that the photons emittingfrom the at least one photonic source are focused and projected in apredetermined direction.
 20. The device of claim 19, wherein a shield isembedded within and underneath the outer surface of the lens.
 21. Thedevice of claim 20, wherein the shield is positioned to focus andproject the photons in a unilateral direction to an area beyond thesurface of the lens.